Other Worlds Part II (Other Worlds, Part I)

Ambler. An alien world with different geology. Education resemble remnants of layered ice. Judging by the lack of sediment in the lowlands, they are formed by melting and not weathering.

Frozen world. Some Earth-like planets may be located too far from the star to its surface to maintain an acceptable temperaturefor life. "Too far" in this case - a relative term, depending on the composition of the atmosphere and the presence or absence ofthe greenhouse effect. In the history of our earth was a period (850-630 million years ago), when all it was a solid icy wildernessfrom pole to pole and the equator was as cold as in modern Antarctica. By the beginning of this global glaciation on the earthalready existed single-celled life, and if volcanoes over millions of years is not saturated the atmosphere with carbon dioxide and methane so that the ice began to thaw, life on Earth still would have been presented bacteria yutyaschimisya on rocky outcropsand in areas of volcanic activity.

Spring in Phoenix. This world is like the Earth ... but he deserted. Perhaps here, for some reason there was no life in spite offavorable conditions, and maybe life is just not had time to create advanced forms and get to land.

star in the sky this marsopodobnoy planet - it's Teide 1. Discovered in 1995, Teide 1 is one of the brown dwarfs - stars tiny mass of several tens of times smaller than our sun - and is about four hundred light years from Earth in the star cluster Pleiades. Teide 1 has a mass about 55 times larger than Jupiter, and is considered quite large for a brown dwarf. and, therefore, hot enough to support the synthesis of lithium in its bosom, but she is unable to start the process of nuclear fusion of hydrogen, like our Sun.There substars this is probably only about 120 million years (compared to 4.5 billion years of the Sun), and burns at a temperature of 2200 ° C - not half as hot as the sun. The planet on which we look at the Teide 1, is from her at a distance of approximately 6.5 million kilometers. It has an atmosphere and even the clouds, but she's too young for life. Light in the sky looks threatening large, but in fact the diameter of the only two times larger than Jupiter. All brown dwarfs are comparable in size to Jupiter - the more massive of them are just more dense. As for life on this planet, it is likely to simply not have time to develop in a short period of active life of a star - she meted out for about three hundred million years, after which another billion years, it will slowly dotlevat at less than a thousand degrees and is no longer considered a star.

Gloomy landscape unnamed planet, drifting along with its star system in the depths of the dense absorbing nebula - a hugeinterstellar gas and dust cloud. The light from other stars is hidden, while the solar wind from a star, the system "blows up" the material nebula, creating a bubble around the star relative to free space, which is visible in the sky as a bright spot dimaetromabout 160 million miles - is a tiny tear in dark cloud, which dimensions are measured by light years. A planet whose surface we can see, was once geologically active world with a substantial atmosphere - as evidenced by the lack of impact craters - but after a dive in the nebula of solar light and heat reaching the surface decreased so that a large part of the atmosphere is simply frozenand fell as snow. A life that once flourished here, has disappeared.

When the life of a star like our sun, coming to an end, it expands to more than 200 times its original diameter, becoming a red giant and destroy the inner planets of the system. Then within a few tens of thousands of years of episodic star ejects its outer layers into space, sometimes with the formation of concentric shells, after which it remains a small, very hot core, which cools and shrinks to become a white dwarf. Here we see the beginning of compression - the first of the star drops his first gas shells.This shadowy area will be expanded gradually, coming ultimately far beyond the orbit of this planet - "Pluto" in this solar system, almost all of its history - tens of billions of years - far carried through on its outskirts in a dark dead ball, covered with a layer of frozen gases. The last hundred million years, it is bathed in streams of light and heat melted the nitrogen-methane atmosphere to form ice, and on the surface of the rivers flow of this water. But soon - in astronomical terms - this planet is once again plunged into darkness and cold - this time forever.

wandering planet called the planet that does not revolve around the stars, and freely drifting in interstellar space. Some of them formed like stars by the gravitational contraction of gas and dust clouds, while others have, like ordinary planets in star systems, but were thrown out into interstellar space due to the perturbation of the neighboring planets. Planetarium to be fairly common in the galaxy, but they are almost impossible to detect, and most of the wandering planets will likely never be discovered. If the mass of the planetary is 0.6-0.8 of the earth and above, it is able to maintain an atmosphere which will stop the heat from the subsoil, and the temperature and pressure at the surface may be acceptable to dvzhe life. On the surface of their reigns eternal night. Globular cluster, which travels along the edge of this planetary, contains about 50 000 stars and is located close to our own galaxy. Perhaps in his heart, as in the nuclei of many galaxies, supermassive black hole disappears. Globular clusters usually contain very old stars and planetary, this is probably too much older than the Earth.

Gliese 581, it is Wolf 562 - class red dwarf star located in the constellation Libra, at 20.4 St. years from Earth. The main attractionof the system - the first exoplanet discovered by scientists Gliese 581 C within the "habitable zone" - that is not too close nor toofar from the star to its surface could be liquid water. The temperature of the planet's surface is between -3 ° C to +40 ° C, which means it can be inhabited. Gravity on the surface of a half times higher than the earth, and "year" is only 13 days. As a result ofsuch close proximity relative to the star, Gliese 581 C is always tilted to one side of it, so day and night is not there (although the light can be raised and lowered relative to the horizon due to the eccentricity of the orbit and the inclination of the planetary axis).The star Gliese 581 is half the diameter of the sun and a hundred times dimmer.

source: http://haritonoff.livejournal.com/178189.html#cutid1